@article {1063,
	title = {Herbivory simulations in ecological research.},
	journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1990},
	month = {1990///},
	pages = {91 - 93},
	keywords = {herbivory},
	author = {Baldwin,I.T.}
}
@article {1151,
	title = {Turnabout is fair play: secondary roles for primary compounds},
	journal = {Journal of Chemical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {925 - 940},
	keywords = {herbivory, plant resistance, primary compounds, secondary compounds},
	author = {Berenbaum,M.R.}
}
@article {1131,
	title = {Secondary Metabolites in Plant Defense-Mechanisms},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	volume = {127},
	year = {1994},
	note = {J
English
Review
BENNETT, RN, ROTHAMSTED EXPTL STN, AFRC, INST ARABLE CROPS RES, DEPT BIOCHEM \& PHYSIOL, HARPENDEN AL5 2JQ, HERTS, ENGLAND
171
245
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
NEW YORK
40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211
NEW PHYTOL
AUG
Discipline: Plant Sciences
PG825},
	month = {1994///},
	pages = {617 - 633},
	abstract = {Many secondary metabolites found in plants have a role in defence against herbivores, pests and pathogens. In this review, a few examples are described and discussed, and some of the problems in determining the precise role(s) df such metabolites highlighted. The role of secondary metabolites in defence may involve deterrence/anti-feedant activity, toxicity or acting as precursors to physical defence systems. Many specialist herbivores and pathogens do not merely circumvent the deterrent or toxic effects of secondary metabolites but actually utilize these compounds as either host recognition cues or nutrients (or both). This is true of both cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates, which are discussed in detail as examples of defensive compounds. Their biochemistry is compared and contrasted. An enormous variety of secondary metabolites are derived from shikimic acid or aromatic amino acids, many of which have important roles in defence mechanisms. Several classes of secondary products are {\textquoteright}induced{\textquoteright} by infection, wounding or herbivory, and examples of these are given. Genetic variation in the speed and extent of such induction may account, at least in part, for the difference between resistant and susceptible varieties. Both salicylates and jasmonates have been implicated as signals in such responses and in many other physiological processes, though their prescise roles and interactions in signalling and development are not fully understood},
	keywords = {2-SPOTTED SPIDER-MITE, activity, ALKALOIDS, BICOLOR L MOENCH, CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDE DHURRIN, CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDES, development, GLUCOSINOLATES, herbivory, interactions, METHYL JASMONATE, OILSEED RAPE, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS, PHENOLICS, PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE, PHYTOALEXINS, PLANTS, RAPE BRASSICA-NAPUS, RECOGNITION, SALICYLIC ACID, SALICYLIC-ACID, SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE, VIRUS-INOCULATED TOBACCO},
	isbn = {0028-646X},
	url = {ISI:A1994PG82500001},
	author = {Bennett,R.N. and Wallsgrove,R.M.}
}
@article {1153,
	title = {Regrowth following herbivory in Ipomopsis aggregata: Compensation but not overcompensation},
	journal = {American Naturalist},
	volume = {148},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Journal
OCT
VL154
AMER NATURALIST},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {744 - 755},
	keywords = {herbivory},
	url = {ISI:A1996VL15400011},
	author = {Bergelson,J. and Juenger,T. and Crawley,M.J.}
}
@article {1083,
	title = {Comparison of herbivores and herbivory in the canopy and understory for two tropical tree species},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2000},
	note = {J
JUN},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {307 - 317},
	keywords = {herbivory},
	url = {ISI:000087812600013},
	author = {Barone,J.A.}
}
@article {967,
	title = {How leaf domatia and induced plant resistance affect herbivores, natural enemies and plant performance},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Journal
English
Article
MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
3
APR
299ZB
COPENHAGEN
Agrawal AA Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
OIKOS
35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {70 - 80},
	abstract = {Predators and plant resistance may act together to control herbivorous arthropod populations or antagonistically, which would reduce the control of pest populations. In a field experiment we enhanced predation by adding simulated leaf domatia to plants. Leaf domatia are small structures that often harbor predaceous arthropods that are potentially beneficial to the plant. We also manipulated host plant duality by inducing resistance with controlled. early season exposure of seedlings to spider mite herbivory. Our manipulations had profound consequences for the natural community of arthropods that inhabited the plants. Leaf domatia had a direct positive effect on abundances of two species of bugs and one species of thrips, all of which are largely predators of herbivores. On leaves with domatia, each of the predators was found inside the domatia two to three times more often than outside the domatia. Eggs of predaceous bugs inside leaf domatia were protected from parasitism compared to eggs outside the domatia. The positive effects of leaf domatia on predator abundances were associated with reduced populations of herbivorous spider mites, aphids, and whiteflies. Plants with experimental leaf domatia showed significantly enhanced reproductive performance. Induced resistance also affected the community of arthropods. Of the abundant predators, all of which also fed on the plant, only minute pirate bugs were negatively affected by induced resistance. Populations of herbivorous spider mites and whiteflies were directly and negatively affected by induction. In contrast, aphid populations were higher on plants with induced resistance compared to uninduced plants. Effects of induced resistance and domatia were additive for each of the predators and for aphids. However, spider mite and whitefly populations were not suppressed Further by employing both induced resistance and domatia compared to each strategy alone. Our manipulations suggest that plant defense strategies can have positive effects on some species and negative effects on others. Negative effects of "resistance trails" on predators and positive effects on some herbivores may reduce the benefits of constitutive expression of resistance traits and may favor inducible defense strategies. Multiple plant strategies such as inducible resistance and morphological traits that aid in the recruitment of predators of herbivores may act together to maximize plant defenses, although they may also be redundant and not act additively},
	keywords = {BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY, CONSEQUENCES, COTTON, DECIDUOUS FOREST, DEFENSE STRATEGY, FLOWER THRIPS, food webs, herbivory, HOST-PLANT, multiple, MUTUALISM, NATURAL ENEMIES, POPULATIONS, predation, PREDATOR, predators, RECRUITMENT, SEEDLINGS, SPIDER-MITES, TROPHIC LEVELS},
	isbn = {0030-1299},
	url = {ISI:000086227400008},
	author = {Agrawal,A.A. and Karban,R. and Colfer,R.G.}
}
@article {964,
	title = {Induced responses to herbivory in the Neotropical ant-plant association between Azteca ants and Cecropia trees: response of ants to potential inducing cues},
	journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999///},
	pages = {47 - 54},
	keywords = {ANT, ants, herbivory},
	author = {Agrawal,A.A. and Dubin-Thaler,B.J.}
}
@article {1106,
	title = {Synchronous coadaptation in an ancient case of herbivory},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {100},
	year = {2003},
	note = {J
OCT 28},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {12804 - 12807},
	keywords = {herbivory},
	url = {ISI:000186301100054},
	author = {Becerra,J.X.}
}
@article {950,
	title = {Do tropical forest leaves suffer more insect herbivory? A comparison of tropical versus temperate herbivory, estimated from leaf litter},
	journal = {Ecological Research},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {J
NOV},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {1381 - 1392},
	abstract = {It is generally believed that tropical forests suffer more herbivory, as a proportion of leaf area, than do temperate forests. Reviews so far have compared studies performed by different authors using very different methodologies. Here we carried out studies on 125 samples at 86 localities in eastern North America and on 75 samples taken at five localities in Malaysia and Singapore, including both mature secondary and primary forest. Samples in North America were spread over 3 years. In tropical Asia, the samples were taken at four time slices at least 8 months apart, scattered over a 4-year period. Total herbivore damage during the lifetime of tree leaves was estimated from the percentage area damaged in recently fallen, undecayed leaves from the forest floor, using scanner-linked software. In terms of percentage damage per leaf, the results suggest that lowland tropical forest has significantly higher leaf herbivory (5.82\%) than temperate forest (5.48\%). This is in accord with the general expectation that aseasonal tropical forests should have more herbivory damage. However, when percentage damage {\textquoteright}per unit time of growing season{\textquoteright} is calculated based on an estimate of leaf lifetime in the tropics, tropical lowland herbivory damage turns out to be a fraction (about one half) of that in the temperate zone. Thus, these results tend to put in question the widely held view that herbivore damage is markedly more intense in the tropics. Over total leaf lifetime, the intensity of damage in the tropical area is only slightly higher than temperate regions. In terms of intensity of herbivory on leaves per unit of time, the opposite seems to be the case. It is uncertain which index should be taken as more significant in interpreting the selection pressure for anti-herbivore defenses in the tropics},
	keywords = {DAMAGE, defense, FOREST, herbivory, insect, LOWLAND TROPICAL FOREST},
	isbn = {0912-3814},
	url = {ISI:000270837500023},
	author = {Adams,J.M. and Zhang,Y.J. and Basri,M. and Shukor,N.}
}
@article {971,
	title = {Current trends in the evolutionary ecology of plant defence},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2011},
	note = {J
APR},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {420 - 432},
	abstract = {P>1. In this essay I summarize current trends in the evolutionary ecology of plant defence, while advocating for approaches that integrate community ecology with specific tests of classic evolutionary hypotheses. Several conclusions emerge. 2. The microevolution of defence is perhaps best studied by reciprocal transplant experiments of differentiated plant populations while simultaneously manipulating the presence of the herbivore(s) hypothesized to be the agent(s) of natural selection. 3. Although there is continued interest in the costs of defence, I argue that some empirical approaches to estimating costs (e.g. genetic engineering) may provide limited insight into evolutionary processes. 4. Essentially all plants employ several different lines of defence against herbivory. It is thus time to abandon searching for single silver bullet traits and the simple trade-off model (where traits are arbitrarily expected to negatively covary across genotypes or species). We still know very little about which trait combinations are most effective and have repeatedly evolved together. Thus, some of our prominent theories (e.g. a predicted trade-off between direct and indirect defence) need to be revised. 5. Studies of the macroevolution of plant defence are enjoying renewed interest due to available phylogenies and analytical methods. Although general trends are not currently surmisable, we will soon have strong case studies evaluating both biotic and abiotic drivers of convergent evolution in defence strategies and the role of defence evolution in the adaptive radiation of plant lineages. 6. The evolution of specificity is proposed as a final frontier in understanding complexity in plant-herbivore interactions. Although it is abundantly clear that plants can deploy highly specific defensive responses that are differentially perceived by herbivore species, how such responses evolve and are physiologically regulated remains an important gap. Relatively straightforward methodologies are now available to close the loop between plant perception of herbivory, hormonal responses, and production of defensive end-products across genotype or species},
	keywords = {COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY, community ecology, COMPLEXITY, ecology, EVOLUTION, HERBIVORE, herbivory, interactions, MODEL, phylogeny, plant, plant-herbivore interactions, PLANTS, POPULATIONS, RESPONSES, SPECIFICITY, theory},
	isbn = {0269-8463},
	url = {ISI:000288501100012},
	author = {Agrawal,A.A.}
}
