@article {1157,
	title = {The distribution and abundance of animal populations in a climate of uncertainty},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2009},
	note = {J
AUG},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {1121 - 1126},
	abstract = {Current predictions regarding the ecological consequences of climate change on animal populations are generally autecological and species-specific, and/or non-mechanistic extrapolations of recent short-term patterns. To better understand and predict the effects of climate change on the distribution of species and the abundance of populations we offer a novel, broad theoretical framework. Climate-induced changes in trophic structure may actually be more predictable than effects on individual species. The logic is that there are general differences in climatic sensitivity among trophic levels - specifically, that as one moves up trophic levels, there is an increase in the temperature sensitivity of vital rates. More precisely, we provide: (1) a formal mathematical definition of distribution limits that is both operational and conceptual, introducing the concept DL50, defined as the geographic and climatic isoline representing an equilibrium occupancy of half of the suitable habitats; (2) a matrix of the possible changes in trophic structure from climate change and the general theoretical consequences; and (3) a new idea that predicts broad effects of climatic warming on trophic systems. Our intention is to help meet the challenge of developing and testing general theoretical models that can predict which species will be winners and losers in ecological time, which evolutionary traits will be favoured or selected against, and what will be consequences for ecosystem structure and function},
	keywords = {ABUNDANCE, CLIMATE-CHANGE, CONSEQUENCES, PATTERNS, POPULATIONS, TROPHIC LEVELS},
	isbn = {0030-1299},
	url = {ISI:000268535300001},
	author = {Berggren,A. and Bjorkman,C. and Bylund,H. and Ayres,M.P.}
}
@article {1112,
	title = {Food security: contributions from science to a new and greener revolution},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences},
	volume = {365},
	year = {2010},
	note = {J
JAN 12},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {61 - 71},
	abstract = {There is an intrinsic link between the challenge we face to ensure food security through the twenty-first century and other global issues, most notably climate change, population growth and the need to sustainably manage the world{\textquoteright}s rapidly growing demand for energy and water. Our progress in reducing global poverty and achieving the Millennium Development Goals will be determined to a great extent by how coherently these long-term challenges are tackled. A key question is whether we can feed a future nine billion people equitably, healthily and sustainably. Science and technology can make a major contribution, by providing practical solutions. Securing this contribution requires that high priority be attached both to research and to facilitating the real world deployment of existing and emergent technologies. Put simply, we need a new, {\textquoteright}greener revolution{\textquoteright}. Important areas for focus include: crop improvement; smarter use of water and fertilizers; new pesticides and their effective management to avoid resistance problems; introduction of novel non-chemical approaches to crop protection; reduction of post-harvest losses; and more sustainable livestock and marine production. Techniques and technologies from many disciplines, ranging from biotechnology and engineering to newer fields such as nanotechnology, will be needed},
	keywords = {CLIMATE-CHANGE, development, GROWTH, PROTECTION},
	isbn = {0962-8436},
	url = {ISI:000272647200008},
	author = {Beddington,J.}
}
@article {958,
	title = {How specialists can be generalists: resolving the "parasite paradox" and implications for emerging infectious disease},
	journal = {Zoologia},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2010},
	note = {J
APR},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {151 - 162},
	abstract = {The parasite paradox arises from the dual observations that parasites (broadly construed, including phytophagous insects) are resource specialists with restricted host ranges, and yet shifts onto relatively unrelated hosts are common in the phylogenetic diversification of parasite lineages and directly observable in ecological time. We synthesize the emerging solution to this paradox: phenotypic flexibility and phylogenetic conservatism in traits related to resource use, grouped under the term ecological fitting, provide substantial opportunities for rapid host switching in changing environments, in the absence of the evolution of novel host-utilization capabilities. We discuss mechanisms behind ecological fitting, its implications for defining specialists and generalists, and briefly review empirical examples of host shifts in the context of ecological fitting. We conclude that host shifts via ecological fitting provide the fuel for the expansion phase of the recently proposed oscillation hypothesis of host range and speciation, and, more generally, the generation of novel combinations of interacting species within the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution. Finally, we conclude that taxon pulses, driven by climate change and large-scale ecological perturbation are drivers of biotic mixing and resultant ecological fitting, which leads to increased rates of rapid host switching, including the agents of Emerging Infectious Disease},
	keywords = {Climate change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, coevolution, EVOLUTION, HYPOTHESIS, insect, INSECTS, PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS, SPECIALISTS, speciation, theory},
	isbn = {1984-4670},
	url = {ISI:000277490100001},
	author = {Agosta,S.J. and Janz,N. and Brooks,D.R.}
}
