@inbook {982,
	title = {Dry season strategies of two Panamanian butterfly species, Anartia fatima (Nymphalinae) and Pierella luna luna (Satyrinae) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).},
	booktitle = {Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies.},
	year = {1992},
	month = {1992///},
	pages = {573 - 575},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {Oxford},
	keywords = {BUTTERFLIES, insect, INSECTS, LEPIDOPTERA, NYMPHALIDAE, Panama},
	author = {Aiello,A.},
	editor = {Quintero Arias,D. and Aiello,A.}
}
@article {1102,
	title = {Insects on plants: Macroevolutionary chemical trends in host use},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {276},
	year = {1997},
	note = {J
APR 11},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {253 - 256},
	keywords = {insect, INSECTS, PLANTS},
	url = {ISI:A1997WT92500045},
	author = {Becerra,J.X.}
}
@article {1115,
	title = {Restructuring of Lepidoptera communities by introduced Vespula wasps in a New Zealand beech forest},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {119},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Journal
English
Article
SPRINGER VERLAG
3
JUN
210WU
NEW YORK
Beggs JR Landcare Res, Private Bag 6, Nelson, New Zealand
OECOLOGIA
175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA},
	month = {1999///},
	pages = {565 - 571},
	abstract = {Introduced social wasps (Vespula vulgaris) reach high densities in some New Zealand beech forests, because honeydew provides an abundant high-energy food source. We manipulated wasp density to estimate an "ecological damage threshold" for large, free- living Lepidoptera larvae. There will be a continuum of ecological damage thresholds for wasp density depending on the prey species or habitat. Experimentally placed small caterpillars had a significantly higher survival rate than large caterpillars, and the survival rate of both groups decreased with increasing wasp density. Spring-occurring caterpillars have a probability of surviving of 0.90-0.95, assuming wasps are the only source of mortality. However, at the peak of the wasp season we predict caterpillars would have virtually no chance (probability of 10(-78) to 10(-40)) of surviving to adults. Wasp abundance must be reduced by at least 88\% to conserve the more vulnerable species of free-living caterpillars at wasp densities similar to those observed in our study sites. This equates to a damage threshold of 2.7 wasps per Malaise trap per day. It was exceeded for about 5 months of the year in non-poisoned sites. There are currently no biological or chemical control techniques available in New Zealand that will reduce wasp abundance below this damage threshold throughout the year. Our models show that most Lepidoptera with spring caterpillars will be able to persist, but species with caterpillars occurring in the peak wasp season will be eliminated},
	keywords = {ABUNDANCE, BRACKEN, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY, DAMAGE, ecological impact, EXTRAFLORAL NECTARIES, HYMENOPTERA, INSECTS, larvae, LEPIDOPTERA, MORTALITY, phenology, POPULATIONS, predation, PREY, shared predator, SPHECOPHAGA-VESPARUM-VESPARUM, VESPIDAE, Vespula, VULGARIS, ZEALAND BEECH FOREST},
	isbn = {0029-8549},
	url = {ISI:000081128300012},
	author = {Beggs,J.R. and Rees,J.S.}
}
@article {1174,
	title = {Neural limitations in phytophagous insects: Implications for diet breadth and evolution of host affiliation},
	journal = {Annual Review of Entomology},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Journal
418EE
ANNU REV ENTOMOL},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {703 - 727},
	keywords = {EVOLUTION, insect, INSECTS, PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS},
	url = {ISI:000167877300024},
	author = {Bernays,E.A.}
}
@article {997,
	title = {Argentine ants strongly affect some but not all common insects on Baccharis halimifolia},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2006},
	note = {J
FEB},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {31 - 36},
	keywords = {ANT, ants, insect, INSECTS},
	url = {ISI:000235402700004},
	author = {Altfeld,L. and Stiling,P.}
}
@article {998,
	title = {Argentine ants strongly affect some but not all common insects on Baccharis halimifolia},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2006},
	note = {J
FEB},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {31 - 36},
	keywords = {ANT, ants, insect, INSECTS},
	url = {ISI:000235402700004},
	author = {Altfeld,L. and Stiling,P.}
}
@article {999,
	title = {Argentine ants strongly affect some but not all common insects on Baccharis halimifolia},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2006},
	note = {J
FEB},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {31 - 36},
	keywords = {ANT, ants, insect, INSECTS},
	url = {ISI:000235402700004},
	author = {Altfeld,L. and Stiling,P.}
}
@article {958,
	title = {How specialists can be generalists: resolving the "parasite paradox" and implications for emerging infectious disease},
	journal = {Zoologia},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2010},
	note = {J
APR},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {151 - 162},
	abstract = {The parasite paradox arises from the dual observations that parasites (broadly construed, including phytophagous insects) are resource specialists with restricted host ranges, and yet shifts onto relatively unrelated hosts are common in the phylogenetic diversification of parasite lineages and directly observable in ecological time. We synthesize the emerging solution to this paradox: phenotypic flexibility and phylogenetic conservatism in traits related to resource use, grouped under the term ecological fitting, provide substantial opportunities for rapid host switching in changing environments, in the absence of the evolution of novel host-utilization capabilities. We discuss mechanisms behind ecological fitting, its implications for defining specialists and generalists, and briefly review empirical examples of host shifts in the context of ecological fitting. We conclude that host shifts via ecological fitting provide the fuel for the expansion phase of the recently proposed oscillation hypothesis of host range and speciation, and, more generally, the generation of novel combinations of interacting species within the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution. Finally, we conclude that taxon pulses, driven by climate change and large-scale ecological perturbation are drivers of biotic mixing and resultant ecological fitting, which leads to increased rates of rapid host switching, including the agents of Emerging Infectious Disease},
	keywords = {Climate change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, coevolution, EVOLUTION, HYPOTHESIS, insect, INSECTS, PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS, SPECIALISTS, speciation, theory},
	isbn = {1984-4670},
	url = {ISI:000277490100001},
	author = {Agosta,S.J. and Janz,N. and Brooks,D.R.}
}
