02200nas a2200253   4500008004100000020001400041245008500055210006900140260001200209300001600221490000800237520151400245653001401759653001901773653001701792653001301809653001601822653001901838100001701857700001701874700001501891700001601906856002401922       2009                        eng d  a0030-129900aThe distribution and abundance of animal populations in a climate of uncertainty0 adistribution and abundance of animal populations in a climate of  c2009///  a1121 - 11260 v1183 aCurrent predictions regarding the ecological consequences of climate change on animal populations are generally autecological and species-specific, and/or non-mechanistic extrapolations of recent short-term patterns. To better understand and predict the effects of climate change on the distribution of species and the abundance of populations we offer a novel, broad theoretical framework. Climate-induced changes in trophic structure may actually be more predictable than effects on individual species. The logic is that there are general differences in climatic sensitivity among trophic levels - specifically, that as one moves up trophic levels, there is an increase in the temperature sensitivity of vital rates. More precisely, we provide: (1) a formal mathematical definition of distribution limits that is both operational and conceptual, introducing the concept DL50, defined as the geographic and climatic isoline representing an equilibrium occupancy of half of the suitable habitats; (2) a matrix of the possible changes in trophic structure from climate change and the general theoretical consequences; and (3) a new idea that predicts broad effects of climatic warming on trophic systems. Our intention is to help meet the challenge of developing and testing general theoretical models that can predict which species will be winners and losers in ecological time, which evolutionary traits will be favoured or selected against, and what will be consequences for ecosystem structure and function10aABUNDANCE10aCLIMATE-CHANGE10aCONSEQUENCES10aPATTERNS10aPOPULATIONS10aTROPHIC LEVELS1 aBerggren, A.1 aBjorkman, C.1 aBylund, H.1 aAyres, M.P.  uISI:00026853530000102511nas a2200337   4500008004100000020001400041245011200055210006900167260001200236300001600248490000800264520160100272653001501873653001601888653001401904653001701918653000901935653001301944100001701957700002101974700001401995700001802009700001602027700001902043700001702062700001802079700001802097700001602115700001802131856002402149       2009                        eng d  a0962-843600aFrom genes to ecosystems: a synthesis of the effects of plant genetic factors across levels of organization0 aFrom genes to ecosystems a synthesis of the effects of plant gen  c2009///  a1607 - 16160 v3643 aUsing two genetic approaches and seven different plant systems, we present findings from a metaanalysis examining the strength of the effects of plant genetic introgression and genotypic diversity across individual, community and ecosystem levels with the goal of synthesizing the patterns to date. We found that (i) the strength of plant genetic effects can be quite high; however, the overall strength of genetic effects on most response variables declined as the levels of organization increased. (ii) Plant genetic effects varied such that introgression had a greater impact on individual phenotypes than extended effects on arthropods or microbes/fungi. By contrast, the greatest effects of genotypic diversity were on arthropods. (iii) Plant genetic effects were greater on above-ground versus below-ground processes, but there was no difference between terrestrial and aquatic environments. (iv) The strength of the effects of intraspecific genotypic diversity tended to be weaker than interspecific genetic introgression. (v) Although genetic effects generally decline across levels of organization, in some cases they do not, suggesting that specific organisms and/or processes may respond more than others to underlying genetic variation. Because patterns in the overall impacts of introgression and genotypic diversity were generally consistent across diverse study systems and consistent with theoretical expectations, these results provide generality for understanding the extended consequences of plant genetic variation across levels of organization, with evolutionary implications10aARTHROPODS10aCOMMUNITIES10aCOMMUNITY10aCONSEQUENCES10aGENE10aPATTERNS1 aBailey, J.K.1 aSchweitzer, J.A.1 aUbeda, F.1 aKoricheva, J.1 aLeroy, C.J.1 aMadritch, M.D.1 aRehill, B.J.1 aBangert, R.K.1 aFischer, D.G.1 aAllan, G.J.1 aWhitham, T.G.  uISI:000265732200012